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This study provides direct evidence of dislocation dynamics controlled by a non-mechanical stimulus and opens up the possibility of modulating dislocation-related properties. Both negatively and positively charged dislocations are directly resolved, and their glide barriers decrease under an electric field, explaining the experimental observations. We reveal the non-stoichiometric nature of dislocation cores and determine their charge characteristics. Here we present real-time observations of dislocation motion controlled solely by using an external electric field in single-crystalline zinc sulfide-the dislocations can move back and forth depending on the direction of the electric field. However, the goal of manipulating dislocation motion via a non-mechanical field alone remains elusive. For decades, the movement of dislocations has been widely observed in crystalline solids under mechanical loading. Dislocation motion, an important mechanism underlying crystal plasticity, is critical for the hardening, processing and application of a wide range of structural and functional materials.
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